Notes on The Bitter Lesson by Dr. Sutton

Dr. Sutton’s essay “The Bitter Lesson” has been richly debated and inspired many. In hindsight, it is scarily prophetic. Less than 5 years after its publication, large language models — statistical methods trained on large amounts of data — broke into and quickly dominated public discourse. Language itself is a generalization of its underlying representation. To put thoughts into words, as I do now, is to ground ideas into the frame of vocabulary. Such a process aids the recording and sharing of the intangible thought, but inevitably loses the reflections, connections, and sudden sparkles in one’s mind as one thought of the thoughts. ...

April 16, 2026 · 7 min · Si Hang Xie